Escape rooms have always been a guilty pleasure for me. There’s something addicting about leaving reality behind for an hour with a rowdy group of friends, pretending that the fate of the world rests in your hands. These interactive simulations bring adventure games and spy movies to life, trapping teams in high-stakes situations, challenging them to solve a series of puzzles and exit the room before time runs out. Players may have to answer a riddle to reveal a passcode, press coloured buttons in the right order to open a door, or crawl throughout a room of lasers to steal a precious heirloom on the other side. Ever since escape rooms popped up in Japan in the mid-2000s, they’ve ballooned in popularity, with over 2800 locations worldwide. The geekiest escape room enthusiasts have created online communities, events, even seminars dedicated to the art of the escape room. There is now an Escape Room World Championship, sponsored by Red Bull and hosted in a new country every year.
As an amateur escape room fanatic, I wanted to understand the mechanics behind the fun of escape rooms. What elements of game design make an escape room fantastic? What hidden skills do players develop while they’re having a great time? How has this booming industry adapted their entertainment to the changes in our COVID-19 environment? I reached out to some of the finest minds in the escape room and game design world, and I think I’ve gotten one step closer to solving the puzzle.
A room from the Red Bull Escape Room World Championships (Image Source: Red Bull)
What Makes a Great Escape Room?
There is a science behind the joy of escape rooms. Scott Nicholson; Professor and Director of the Game Design and Development Program at Wilfrid Laurier University, argues that escape room experiences hit on all of the eight “types” of fun identified through game research. This includes the fun of discovery, drama, challenge and make-believe — even the fun in giving up control to reclaim it through a quest or adventure (the fun of submission). Shannon McDowell, one of Scott’s students and a designer for the Escape Room World Championship, stressed the importance of the fun of sensation, labelling escape rooms as ‘playgrounds for adults’. “[Escape rooms] give players fun moments that they wouldn’t come across in everyday life. In my favourite escape room… I got to crawl in tunnels; I got to go over a lava pit on a rope, there was a big wheel we got to turn in order to balance a maze… it was just very interactive, very physical, and fun.” All escape rooms are experiments in the science of fun, with player feedback as the data helping game designers optimize their experiences.
To learn about the process behind creating a great escape room, I spoke to Errol Elumir, a game designer experienced with creating large-scale escape adventures and worldwide puzzle hunts. He’s a self-proclaimed ‘escape room enthusiast’ who hosts an escape room podcast, runs multiple online escape communities, and has even taken trips around the world just to try out new escape rooms. To say he is simply involved in the community would be an understatement.
There was a striking similarity I noticed between my conversations with designers: none of them created the puzzles first. Each designer approached their rooms as a writer — crafting a storyline as detailed as any great film, TV show, or novel to produce an immersive player experience. Errol revealed this to me when he talked about designing an escape game set on a moving train:
“I actually didn’t work on the puzzles at the very beginning… we just started off with the theme, what the players’ roles are, a rough idea of what the narrative is, and different experiences they might have in the train. And then we started getting into the meat of the game… [understanding] the three-act structure, how the game would progress, what different gates would stop a player.”
Designers often described the plot to be the most important escape room element. Throughout our interview, Errol highlighted two important escape room design principles, supported by the other designers I spoke to:
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Escape rooms should be solvable. During the early design stages, designers tend to make many of their puzzles far too hard for a mainstream audience. Errol classifies escape room puzzles under two big categories: easier “process puzzles” that are lengthy in nature but quickly understood by the player; and harder “aha!” puzzles that challenge a player to discover the correct solution. In a well-balanced room, Errol believes in having an even mix of both puzzles. Finally, Errol emphasized the importance of BETA Testing: inviting a broad sample of people to play through the room and provide feedback on their enjoyment and the room’s difficulty. “The goal is for every team to be able to complete the room because an escape room is an entertainment experience.” Errol explains. “As a designer, you’re not trying to outsmart the player, you’re trying to give them the best experience possible.”
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Escape rooms should be fair to all players. “With all the information present, there should just be one answer for that puzzle,” Errol argues. “If there are ambiguous answers, [players] can’t trust the puzzle or game.” Christine Hibbard, the owner of Looking Glass Adventures, echoed this idea: “It’s really important when you’re designing a puzzle to keep it as intuitive as possible… [to] not involve outside knowledge, [and to] come at it from a point of view where everybody can come to the same conclusion.” Moreover, Shannon McDowell’s research at Wilfrid Laurier has exposed the prevalence of cultural bias in escape rooms. In her opinion, keeping escape rooms fair means ensuring puzzles are accessible to players from different backgrounds and ethnicities, rather than involving culture-specific symbols, words, and objects.
When I asked Errol why he loved his work in escape room design, his response was simple: “There is nothing more gratifying to a designer than when a player solves a puzzle and wants to high-five the world because they thought it was amazing.”
Errol Elumir! (Image Source: elumir.com)
“As a designer, you’re not trying to outsmart the player, you’re trying to give them the best experience possible.”
– Errol Elumir
Escape Rooms in Education
Aside from being incredibly fun, escape rooms build on a variety of interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. Social scientists and teachers have begun investigating the possibility of escape rooms as an educational tool — especially with the recent shift towards learning through gamification. This educational movement focuses on bringing out the fun in learning, helping to increase student engagement and motivation in otherwise mundane subjects.
Caroline Dada, an escape room host at Looking Glass Adventures, had plenty to share about the potential of escape games in education. “We’ve actually had a lot of games for students, where teachers will reach out to us!” she mentioned. “I facilitate a lot of them, and I find that students love it — it’s a chance to be out of class! — and they find themselves learning more about themselves.”
Caroline talked about three skills she noticed students developing through their escape room experiences:
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Teamwork: To successfully complete an escape room under limited time, players have to work as a great team! Certain students may have to step up as leaders, delegating tasks to team members and coordinating activities. Players are also challenged to effectively communicate room information and suggested puzzle solutions. As Caroline put it, “If you’re all kind of talking at once and not listening to each other, that’s going to be an issue… Being willing to listen to others and take in other people’s ideas is super important, because you never know — they may be right!”
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Problem-solving / creativity: Returning to Errol’s concept of “aha!” puzzles, escape rooms force players to overcome their cognitive biases, look for creative, out-of-the-box solutions, and combine ideas in new ways. Caroline noted that students also build resilience through attempting puzzles multiple times, and learn to ask for help (through hints) during the problem-solving process — skills they can replicate in a classroom environment.
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Intrapersonal skills: Escape rooms help build self-confidence and self-esteem in players. After a room, Caroline explained that “The kids feel accomplished… to the point where they’ll be talking about it [the room] for days and months and bragging about it to their friends.” Shyer students are also more likely to feel comfortable speaking out or suggesting an idea in a play-based environment, with lower risks of being judged for their ideas. Caroline detailed the facilitation of this confidence-building process: “During my debrief, I try to highlight different aspects that I notice of teams. That’s a really great way to boost their morale, especially those who I notice were quiet at first, very timid… I’ll be like ‘oh my goodness, you did so great in that!’ And everyone jumps on, and they start sharing what they noticed that other people did. That’s my ultimate goal — to make sure that everyone… learn[s] something new about themselves, and acknowledge[s] something about someone else.”
These same skills are also crucial in the modern workplace, so many employers have started to book escape room experiences as corporate team-building activities and skill development socials. Some employers even choose to examine the footage of escape room games after the experience, identifying team leaders and creative thinkers to promote to management positions.
Escape Rooms during COVID-19
Unfortunately, throughout the economic uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, several escape room locations have gone out of business. Many have shut down permanently.
And yet, a few creative escape room operators have sought to keep their businesses alive through virtual mediums. This is what Looking Glass Adventures has recently done — launching Remote Play Escape Rooms, letting people to participate in escape room adventures from the comfort of their homes. An escape room host hops on a Zoom call, walks throughout a room while holding a camera, and listens to verbal instructions from the players to guide their actions.
A promotional video for Looking Glass Adventures’ Remote Play Escape Rooms (Image Source: Looking Glass Adventures)
In fact, our INKspire team recently participated in a virtual Halloween-themed social through Looking Glass Adventures! We had a hectic hour of searching for clues and solving puzzles through our computer screens. Caroline was an engaging and helpful host, cheerfully obliging as we yelled at her to “turn right!” or “try another passcode on the lock!”. The experience was incredibly fun — I was surprised that the same challenges and excitement of an in-person escape room translated so well to a virtual format. Everyone buzzed about the room for days to follow!
This virtual shift has helped to sustain Looking Glass Adventures’ business during these difficult economic times, but the change hasn’t come without challenges. Caroline commented on her new role as a virtual escape room host: “We’ve had to adjust to the new changes to the set and design of the games. You tend to learn how to think on the fly because there tends to be a lot of issues with puzzles! And since I’m not there in person, it might be hard for them [players] to make that personal connection.” However, Caroline did mention a few benefits that came with the new virtual environment: “During this time, you get to meet people from all over! I’ve hosted a team all the way from Australia, and then another team from Hawaii.”
Christine also had a positive outlook on the effects of COVID-19 on Looking Glass’ new business model, and on the escape room industry as a whole. “In our new virtual world, communication is now more [important] than ever… especially in the business world, I find myself as a manager, keeping my team together and [having] communication and team spirit: it’s a challenge! Coming together for a virtual escape room is great — it’s so easy, and it brings a sense of teamwork and fun and lightens the mood; it gives everyone something to talk about afterwards.
“I believe management is starting to realize that too… we have seen the challenges, and hopefully they see the value in everybody coming together.”
My conversations with brilliant minds in the escape room industries revealed so much about the fascinating worlds of escape game design and the behind-the-scenes work that makes these simulations enjoyable. Throughout these trying times, escape rooms are a bright activity that continue to bring people closer together, while also reinforcing crucial teamwork and learning skills in the minds of its participants.
If you’re looking for your next corporate social, interactive lesson, or group activity, consider booking an escape room experience for the adventure of a lifetime. And in the midst of solving puzzles, decoding symbols, and escaping the stress and horror of the real world; perhaps you’ll be able to discover something about yourself along the way.
